Revolutionary Catalonia refers to the period during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) when the region became a hub for anarchist and socialist movements. Following the military uprising, workers and peasants in Catalonia seized control of industries and land, establishing collectives and communes. The anarchist groups, particularly the CNT and FAI, sought to create a society based on self-management and equality. However, internal divisions and external pressures from both fascists and other left-wing factions led to the collapse of the revolution. Despite its eventual defeat, Revolutionary Catalonia remains a significant example of radical social change.